Do tariffs on imports ultimately hurt domestic consumers more than they help the economy?

Context

Tariffs are taxes on imported goods designed to protect domestic industries from foreign competition, but they also raise prices for consumers and businesses that rely on imports. Economists debate whether tariffs' benefits—protecting jobs and industries—outweigh their costs, including higher consumer prices, reduced trade, and potential retaliation from trading partners. This question has become urgent as major economies have implemented significant tariff increases since 2024, making the real-world impact on household budgets and inflation a pressing policy concern.