Do US tariffs ultimately harm American consumers and the economy?

Context

Tariffs are taxes on imported goods designed to protect domestic industries, but they increase prices for consumers and businesses that rely on foreign inputs. The debate over whether US tariffs harm the economy hinges on competing effects: potential job protection in targeted sectors versus higher costs, reduced consumer purchasing power, and retaliatory trade measures that can disrupt supply chains. This question has become urgent as the US has implemented successive rounds of tariffs since 2018, with economists divided on whether short-term pain yields long-term gains or simply reduces overall economic growth.