Have Western economic sanctions successfully weakened Russia's war capacity?

Context

Since Russia's 2022 invasion of Ukraine, Western nations have imposed sweeping economic sanctions targeting Russian energy, finance, and technology sectors. These measures aim to degrade Russia's military-industrial capacity and economic resilience, though their effectiveness remains contested—some analysts point to sustained Russian military production and adaptation, while others highlight measurable impacts on inflation, currency depreciation, and long-term growth. The debate hinges on whether sanctions have meaningfully constrained Russia's war effort or merely imposed costs that Moscow has learned to absorb.