“Stable on the surface, fragile underneath”
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The Middle East's stability has been shaped by decades of geopolitical competition, sectarian tensions, and great-power involvement. Recent years have seen escalating conflicts involving Iran, Israel, and various proxy forces, alongside economic vulnerabilities exposed by regional instability. The question of whether the region is more or less stable than five years ago (2021) hinges on whether one emphasizes active military conflicts versus diplomatic channels, or economic resilience versus supply-chain disruptions.