Is voter fraud a serious threat to democratic elections?

Context

Voter fraud—the illegal casting or counting of ballots—has become a contentious political issue, with disputes over its prevalence and threat level shaping election security debates. While election officials report security measures are generally effective, concerns about fraud allegations, misinformation, and threats to election workers have intensified in recent years. The question of whether fraud poses a serious threat hinges on competing interpretations of evidence, with implications for voting access, election administration funding, and public confidence in democratic processes.