“Lebanon has never been truly sovereign”
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Lebanon's sovereignty has long been contested by regional powers, particularly Iran (through its proxy Hezbollah) and Israel, whose military operations and political influence constrain the Lebanese state's authority. The question of whether Lebanon can exercise independent control over its territory and institutions remains acute, as armed groups operate semi-autonomously and neighboring states conduct cross-border operations. This tension between state sovereignty and regional geopolitical competition shapes Lebanon's stability, economy, and international relations.