Should countries require voter ID and ban mail-in ballots to prevent election fraud?

Context

Election security and voting access represent a fundamental tension in democratic systems. Proponents of voter ID requirements and restrictions on mail-in ballots argue these measures prevent fraud and ensure election integrity, while critics contend they create barriers to voting for eligible citizens and that documented fraud rates remain extremely low. This debate has intensified since 2020, with different countries and jurisdictions adopting sharply different approaches, making it a central issue in contemporary electoral policy.